Cambridge Professional English in Use ICT

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ISBN 0521685435 | Scan | May 2007 | Scan | PDF | 114 Pages | RAR |

Cambridge Professional English in Use ICT, a new addition to the Professional English in Use series, is suitable for intermediate to advanced level learners of English. The book covers a wide range of up-to-date topics on Information Communications technology including computer systems, word processing, spreadsheets and databases, multimedia applications, email, web design and Internet security. There are also units on word building and typical language functions used in the world of ICT. The units present and explain new words in context and show learners how to use them. Primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book, it can also be used to supplement classroom work.

Key Features

* 'Over to you' sections allow learners to apply the vocabulary they have learned in the unit to their own lives.

* Covers a wide variety of ICT vocabulary giving learners the confidence and ability to function in English in this area.

* Informed by the Cambridge International Corpus, ensuring the language taught is frequent and up-to-date.

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Total English full series

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Starter | Elementary | Pre Intermediate | intermediate | upper intermediate | advanced

ISBN: 1405844825
Author: Brian Abbs ,Chris Barker ,Ingrid Freebairn
Publisher: Longman
Total English
Antonia Clare, Araminta Crace, Diane Hall, Diane Naughton, Fiona Gallagher, J J Wilson, Jonathan Bygrave, Mark Foley, Richard Acklam


Based on Common European Framework (CEF) ‘can do’ objectives, Total English is the ideal choice for teachers who want a well-organised course with clear learning aims and a wide range of authentic supplementary material.


Every level has loads of teacher support material, an exciting DVD with authentic clips from film and TV, and a ‘catch up’ CD-ROM with extra practice for students who miss lessons.


What’s special about Total English?


* It’s easy for you to plan lessons and measure your students’ progress using the logically structured lessons with ‘can do’ objectives


* Your students will get lots of grammar and vocabulary practice which is all thoroughly reinforced in the ‘Reference’ and ‘Review’ sections at the end of each unit
* You can easily encourage your students to have good study habits with the Lifelong learning boxes


* If your students miss a lesson they can use the innovative ‘catch up’ CD-ROM that has lots of extra practice material


* You can bring the real world into the classroom using the DVDs that feature authentic extracts from film and TV
Teacher Support
* Teach rich, varied lessons using the Teacher’s Book with thorough teaching notes, photocopiable activities and DVD worksheets


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Suspension Trauma - What you need to know

The type of Suspension trauma referred to in this article is where a person has fallen while working at height and is suspended in a safety harness. This can ultimately lead to the person losing consciousness and if not rescued quickly, death is certain.

When a person has fallen the body is held in the upright position. Gravity pulls the blood into the legs where it stays, depriving the brain of oxygen which leads to suspension trauma. We are able to stand and walk about daily as the muscles in our legs help push the blood up to the heart. If your legs remain still for long periods of time the much needed oxygen rich blood is not pumped up to your heart, the person faints, falls to the ground which enables the blood to flow easily to the heart since the person is now in the horizontal position. However when a person is suspended in a harness he remains in the vertical position, which is why it is vital he / she is rescued immediately.
If your legs are motionless, then you can go into shock from anywhere between three to twenty minutes. After this you faint and if you do not lie down immediately your brain dies a few minutes later. Once you faint and if you are upright, you lose control of your airway and you can choke on your tongue and suffocate within seconds. Time is a luxury the suspended person does not have!
It is therefore absolutely essential that persons working in a fall risk position, are properly trained on the use of the safety harness and related fall prevention and fall protection systems. The fall protection plan must be drawn up by a competent person who will include the rescue procedures to be implemented in the event of a fall. A good plan and task specific risk assessments will allow you to foresee possible problems and afford you the opportunity not only to prevent a fall but effectively rescue a person who has fallen and ultimately save lives.

Construction regulation 8: Fall Protection

This is a "Legal Check" that will assist you to do a quick, yet accurate legal check, to see if there is compliance with the requirements, as prescribed in the Occupational Health and Safety Act, 85 of 1993.

Construction Regulation 8: Fall Protection Plan.

• Competent person appointed in writing to develop and implementing of programme,
• a risk assessment of all work carried out from elevated positions is conducted,
• employees are trained,
• inspections, test and maintenance of all fall protection equipment are done and record kept,
• plan reviewed and regularly up date by the competented person.

Competent person - means a person having the knowledge, training, experince and qualifications specific to the work or task being performed.

Recommended colour coding for work situations

1.Red. (SABS A11). Red is the basic colour to indicate:

1.1 Danger.
1.2 Fire protection equipment.
1.3 Stop buttons and emergency stop controls.

Typical examples: Danger.

- Flashing red lights at rail crossings, stores for explosives, etc.
- Barricades prohibiting the passage of persons.
- Fire protection equipment.
- Fire alarms.
- Boxes for fire extinguishers.
- Sprinkler system.
- As a background colour to indicate fire equipment locations.
- Stop buttons and emergency stop controls.
- Electrical stop buttons.
- Emergency stop bars.

2. Yellow. (SABS B49).Yellow is the basic or background colour used alone or in conjunction with black to indicate:

2.1 Places where caution should be exercised
2.2 Places where warnings of hazards from radio activity are required. Typical examples:
- Markings at barricades, temporary constructions or on mobile equipment.
- Low head room owing to structures.
- Changes in floor level and other tripping hazards.
- Demarcation on floors for stacking, walkways and for fire extinguishers.
- Handrails.

3. Green. (SABS E14). Green is used in conjunction with white lettering to indicate safety and first-aid equipment. It is also the colour for start buttons on machines.

Typical examples:

- Location of first-aid facilities.
- Location of gas masks.
- Exit signs.
- Emergency showers.
- Safety information signs.
- Safe areas, e.g. safety refuge in quarries.

4. Light Orange. (SABS B26). Light orange is used on inside surfaces of machine guards as well as dangerous parts of a machine capable of cutting, shearing or crushing; the surfaces of protruding shafts, the faces of gear wheels and any exposed rotating part of a machine.
The intention is to draw immediate attention to the hazard presented because a guard has been removed. This colour is also to be used for the identification of all electrical switchgear, electric services, conduits and allied fittings, but not on electric motors.

Height safety wearing a full body harness

WORK AT HEIGHT

Height safety wearing a full body harness

There is so much more to wearing a full body harness to work than simply throwing it on and hoping for the best. Every type of full body harness has to be worn in the same way, whether it is standard polyester non elasticised webbing, or elasticised harnesses.
There are a number of points on the harness you need to be aware of. On the rear of the harness is the Dorsal Plate, this could be rubber, plastic or form part of the harness webbing pattern. This piece is extremely important as it prevents the ‘D’ ring from slamming into the back of your head in fall and converting the harness in a noose. The ‘D’ ring connects your harness to the anchorage point via intermediate attachments.

Some harness have an adjustment for height via buckles on shoulder straps, the simplest rule for this type of harness is that you should not be able to touch the Dorsal Plate by reaching from behind your head or by reaching up from the lumber or lower back region. Modern harness design has taken this feature out of the system to reduce misuse of the harness, this type of harness may be elasticised to encourage correct fitting and for the user’s comfort.

On the front of the harness should be a chest strap; some harnesses have a metal buckle and possibly a ‘D’ ring on the front. This is to provide the user with a way of attaching to an anchor or safe system of work, for example ladder systems. The important thing to note with this type of attachment is that unless the harness is worn correctly there is a risk the ‘D’ ring and buckle can strike the user in the neck and under the chin if they are involved in a fall.

Some harness designs have replaced this with soft loops as a front connection as this feature makes the harness safer for the user. The chest strap, without a front attachment is much smaller and made of softer webbing; the chest strap is there to stop the shoulder straps from parting and allowing the user to fall out the front of their harness. However in both cases it is important to take care when attaching your safety equipment in relation to the ‘D’ ring.

If the anchorage point is behind you then use the rear ‘D’ ring and vice versa if the anchor point is in front of you. Once you have put the harness on, like a jacket, and adjusted the chest strap to so it is tight but comfortable, you need address the leg straps, buckles and sliders, as there is more to it than just stepping into harness.

Stepping into a commercial full body harness is considered to be extremely bad practice. Not only does it increase the risk of slips trips and falls; if the harness is placed on the ground it could pick up all kinds of dirt and contamination. There is also a risk of complacency setting in; where the user steps into the harness in a rush and fails to adjust it appropriately.

In a fall a slack harness can lead to death or extreme testicular trauma and severe rectal damage. The easiest way to gauge the correct tension of the leg straps is to tighten it until you can just about get two fingers between the webbing and your leg. Two finger tension means placing the middle and index finger perpendicular to the webbing around the front area of the leg.

The final, and probably the most important thing, is to lock your harness. Every harness with a buckle used for adjustment should have at least one slider to lock it. If the harness is not locked and you are involved in a fall the movement of the webbing through the buckle can cause the bar tack to shock load against it. The bar tack is rolled over and lightly stitched as it is only there to keep the sliders and buckles on the harness.

The energy in a fall may exceed the strength of this stitching and it will rip apart, allowing the bar tack to unroll and pass through the buckle. The end result is that you will fall through the bottom of the harness. It doesn’t matter if you are wearing the harness correctly; if it’s damaged it’s useless and will offer you no protection whatsoever.
Harnesses need to be inspected on a regular basis to establish they are safe to use.

Author: Drew Beardmore
Article Source: http://www.a1articles.com/article_1019263_5.html

Source: Leading Equipment Magazine: February 2010

A Fall Arrest Plan is not the same as a Fall Protection Plan.

A Fall Arrest Plan is not the same as a Fall Protection Plan.

Below is a summary of the most important differences between the two documents:


Fall Arrest Plan

1.Not necessarily documented

2.Describes procedure

3.Contains information on

• Fall arrest equipment
• Rescue equipment
• Rescue procedures
• Medical backup available within 15 minutes

4.Developer does not need to be appointed

5.No competency to draw it up is required

Fall Protection Plan

1.Must be documented

2.Describes policy

3.Contains information on:

• Risk assessment (specific to work at height
• Equipment inspection, testing and maintenance methods
• Medical and psychological examination procedure
• Must contain a training schedule

4.Developer must be appointed in writing, and must accept the appointment

5.May only be drawn up by a competent person

I hope this will assist you in understanding the differences in the two plans when it comes to employees working at heights.

Use and Maintenance of the Safety Harness

Before each use:
1. Do not remove sleeve from shock absorbing element of Lanyard.
2. Harness should be issued as personal protective equipment to employee and all necessary and relevant information should be kept on the record card. This record card should be retained and used for the purposes of inspection and traceability.
3. Visual inspection of the condition of the webbing, stitching and fittings must occur. The item should be rejected and removed from service if there is any damage such as:
- cuts, tears, abrasions, burns or holes in webbing
- broken, pulled, worn or unraveling of stitches, distortion, burrs, cracks or corrosion on the fittings, ensuring that hooks and other connectors are in good working condition.
4. Ensure that the stirrup attachments is intact and in good condition.
5. Get your buddy to inspect to see that you have put on your harness correctly and that all parts are intact and in good condition.
- Ensure that chin straps are fitted to your hard hat and it is fastened before you climb up to the work area.

During use:
1. Ensure that anchor point is always above the operator and slack in the lanyard is kept to a minimum.
2. The clearance below an anchor point should always be a minimum of 5.75m from a 2m shock absorbing lanyard. (This is the potential extension plus operator body length)
3. Protect all equipment especially lanyards from sharp objects or corners.
4. Protect the harness / lanyard from possible chemical contamination and temperature extremes.
5. Certain chemical substances may reduce or affect the products ability to perform as required.

Maintenance and Storage:
1. Store safety harness in a dry and dust free environment away from direct sources of sunlight, temperature extremes and inclement weather.
2. Never modify or repair your safety harness without input from the supplier and manufacturer.
3. When cleaning the harness use warm water and mild soap to remove grease and dirt. Excess moisture should be removed with a clean dry cloth.

Fall Protection Safety

Many serious accidents and deaths are cause from falls on construction sites. A fall no matter how low or high can result in serious injuries and even death. Workers fail to weigh-up the risks when taking chances and shortcuts. When working at heights the last thing you do is taking a risk!

In this article we will look at the different types of fall protection systems that have been developed to eliminate any possible chance of a fall related accident. It will also cover the role of supervisors and the responsibilities’ that both management and workers have to ensure no one dies from a fall.

Fall Protection Plan:

Every site must have a Fall Protection Plan in place. This plan must be developed by a competent person that has been appointed in writing. This person must ensure the implementation of the Fall Protection Plan and ensure that it is updated on a regular basis.

Programs within this plan must include: Training, Inspections, Tests and Maintenance of equipment. Every person working at elevated positions must have been examined and granted a Medical Certificate of Fitness in order to do so. A healthy fit body is what is needed to work at these heights.

Physical Protection:

Guardrails, toe boards, safety nets, floor covers and personal fall arrest systems like harnesses are all fall protection systems used on sites.

Fall Prevention and Fall Arrest Systems:

It is important to know the difference between fall prevention systems and fall arrest systems and when to apply it. Hand rails, floor covers and edge protection are all examples of fall prevention systems whereas harnesses and fall arrest systems like life lines are examples of fall arrest equipment. The fall protection plan must clearly indicate what kind of protection is required for when persons are working at a fall risk position.

Only use safety belts as a fall prevention system. Harnesses are used to protect you in case you fall. They are designed to evenly distribute the force of the fall so you sustain the least possible injuries. Make sure you are trained correctly in the use of safety belts and harnesses and understand how to effectively use one. Always make sure the equipment you are using are in is good condition, free from cuts, tears and defects.

REMEMBER: NEVER use a harness that has been involved in a fall. It will not protect you in the next fall. If the Harness is damaged or has been used in a fall, it must be destroyed and thrown away so that another worker does not use it by mistake.

All safety belts and harnesses must be identified and entered into an inspection register. The supervisor must ensure that the equipment is inspected on a regular basis and the findings recorded in the register.

Always ask your supervisor or trainer if you are unsure about anything relating to harnesses.

Safety nets are also a great system for fall protection and should be used in conjunction with harnesses or where other types of fall protection mentioned could not be applied sufficiently. Safety nets must be regularly inspected and should be installed as close below the workers as possible. This will ensure the worker only falls a short distance if there is an accident.

Floor covers must be used to cover up holes and gaps in decks and floors. Falling through a hole will result in serious injury. The use of hard, undamaged, wooden boards to cover up holes is a sufficient solution. REMEMBER to fasten the boards to the surface to prevent them moving and exposing the hole. Openings in Floors, Edges, Slabs, Hatchways and Stairways must be fitted with this protection or Barricading and remember to place warning signs in these areas to remind workers of the hazards.

In some cases it is required to use a Man Cage for working in an elevated position. You may not use a Man Cage unless it has been approval by DOL.

Written by: Ahmed Amine BOULKSIBAT , Health and Safety Engineer